External reading
About this resource
- Publisher
- AICPA
- Use
- Professional history focused on Black CPAs and the institutional barriers and mentoring networks surrounding licensure.
- Version
- Archived historical article
- Relevant parts
- John W. Cromwell Jr.; Mary T. Washington Wylie; mentoring and experience barriers
- Link checked
- Aug 7, 2026
This article connects licensure milestones to the less visible experience requirements and employment exclusions that shaped who could enter public practice. That distinction makes the history relevant to professional ethics: a nominally open examination does not by itself create an open profession.