Accounting and finance history

A professional standard setting board that operated from 1959 to 1973 before the Financial Accounting Standards Board began work.

The SEC's allegations that Adelphia omitted co borrowing debt, used related entities, and presented misleading liabilities and operating measures.

The SEC settlement and allegations involving finite reinsurance, reserve presentation, and transactions whose form did not match the reported insurance substance.

The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants is a professional organization whose history begins in 1887.

The multi part banking reform commonly associated with Glass Steagall, including deposit insurance and banking activity restrictions.

The July 1944 international conference that negotiated the postwar monetary framework and institutions that became the IMF and World Bank.

The U.S. statistical agency responsible for national, international, industry, and regional economic accounts, including GDP.

The U.S. statistical agency producing major price, employment, compensation, productivity, and labor market measures.

The 1792 broker agreement commonly treated as an origin milestone in the institutional history of the New York Stock Exchange.

The first woman reported by the AICPA historical timeline to receive a U.S. CPA certificate, issued by New York in 1899.

The 1899 issuance of a New York CPA certificate to Christine Ross, recognized as the first woman CPA in the United States.

A U.S. antitrust statute addressing specified practices including mergers and other conduct under standards developed through amendment and enforcement.

A part time professional committee whose Accounting Research Bulletins addressed reporting questions from 1939 through 1959.

Congress created the Securities and Exchange Commission in 1934 to administer and enforce federal securities laws.

The broad post financial crisis law addressing systemic risk, supervision, resolution, derivatives, consumer protection, governance, and disclosure.

How company reports moved to electronic filing, from volunteer testing to required filing in groups.

The postwar U.S. statute establishing federal economic policy responsibilities and institutions including the Council of Economic Advisers.

A multi mechanism reporting and governance failure involving earnings, valuations, related entities, financing presentation, controls, and public claims.

The 1972 creation of an oversight and governance foundation as part of the redesign of U.S. private sector accounting standard setting.

The statute creating the Federal Reserve System after years of debate over banking panics, currency elasticity, and central bank design.

The U.S. central banking system created in 1913 after recurrent banking panics exposed weaknesses in the financial architecture.

The independent U.S. agency created in 1914 with competition and consumer protection responsibilities under evolving statutes.

The organization that oversees and supports the financial and governmental accounting standards boards.

The Financial Accounting Standards Board is the private sector standard setter for nongovernmental US financial reporting.

The federal law combining anti bribery provisions with issuer books and records and internal accounting control requirements.

The Accounting Principles Board replaced the Committee on Accounting Procedure in 1959.

The severe, prolonged economic contraction and financial crisis beginning in 1929 that transformed economic analysis and U.S. institutions.

The severe U.S. recession dated December 2007 through June 2009, intertwined with a global financial crisis and multiple policy responses.

The SEC's allegations that fictitious income adjustments were paired with fixed asset additions designed to remain below an audit testing threshold.

The annual report's outline was set by Regulation S K in 1977 and 1982 and has changed Item by Item since: risk factors in 2005, an optional summary in 2016, selected financial data…

The Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act, which revised federal economic goals and reporting arrangements, including monetary policy reporting.

The 2001 launch of the International Accounting Standards Board under a reorganized international standard setting foundation.

The not for profit organization that houses and oversees international accounting and sustainability standard setting boards.

The independent standard setting board within the IFRS Foundation that develops IFRS Accounting Standards.

The federal statute governing investment adviser registration and conduct within its jurisdictional and exemption structure.

The federal framework regulating investment companies, their structures, operations, conflicts, and disclosures.

The capital formation law that introduced the emerging growth company category and changed aspects of offering and reporting practice.

The British economist and Treasury representative whose work shaped macroeconomic analysis and the British position at Bretton Woods.

The first Black CPA in the United States, licensed in New Hampshire in 1921 after years of exclusion from required practice opportunities.

The 1921 certification of John W. Cromwell Jr., recognized as the first Black CPA in the United States.

The period end use of Repo 105 transactions described by the Lehman examiner and summarized in SEC congressional testimony.

The Franciscan mathematician whose 1494 Summa included an influential printed description of Venetian bookkeeping practice.

The 1943 certification of Chicago accountant Mary T. Washington, recognized as the first Black woman CPA in the United States.

The first Black woman CPA in the United States and a Chicago firm founder who created experience and mentoring routes for later accountants.

The U.S. representative whose name identifies the House contribution to the Sarbanes Oxley Act's 2002 reform package.

The private research committee that maintains a retrospective chronology of U.S. business cycle peaks and troughs.

A securities marketplace whose institutional history traces to the 1792 Buttonwood Agreement among New York brokers.

The 1896 New York law establishing the first U.S. certified public accountant designation.

The Federal Reserve's October 6, 1979 announcement of operating and policy measures during a period of high U.S. inflation.

A severe U.S. financial panic whose runs, institutional failures, and emergency private response intensified pressure for central banking reform.

The U.S. senator whose name identifies the Senate contribution to the 2002 public company accounting and audit reform law.

Federal Reserve chair associated with the October 1979 anti inflation operating changes and the subsequent disinflationary period.

The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board oversees audits within its statutory scope; it does not perform the audits itself.

Luca Pacioli's 1494 book printed an explanation of double entry bookkeeping already used by merchants.

The post scandal statute restructuring public company audit oversight and strengthening independence, executive, control, and reporting responsibilities.

The 2009 SEC rule phasing in company financial statement data submitted in an interactive XBRL format.

The 1933 law established federal disclosure requirements for securities offerings, subject to exemptions.

The 1934 law created the Securities and Exchange Commission and established continuing reporting and securities market oversight.

The foundational U.S. federal antitrust statute addressing restraints of trade and monopolization.

The 1911 U.S. Supreme Court antitrust decision ordering dissolution of the Standard Oil combination under the Sherman Act.

A settled SEC order involving improper reserves, bill and hold arrangements, channel stuffing, returns, and misleading performance claims.

The Financial Accounting Standards Board reorganized nongovernmental US accounting guidance into the Codification in 2009.

In 1939, the Committee on Accounting Procedure began publishing Accounting Research Bulletins on particular reporting questions.

The Financial Accounting Standards Board replaced the Accounting Principles Board in 1973.

The 2019 registration statement and later withdrawal that made WeWork's losses, adjusted measures, related party arrangements, and voting control unusually visible.

The Securities and Exchange Commission is the federal securities regulator created in 1934.

The late 1990s and early 2000s U.S. antitrust litigation involving PC operating systems, browser related conduct, middleware threats, and remedies.

The SEC's allegations that Waste Management used unsupported useful lives, salvage values, and other adjustments to avoid recording expense.

WorldCom's acknowledged income overstatement and the SEC's allegations about unsupported reserve releases and capitalization of operating line costs.

The SEC's allegations that Xerox accelerated equipment revenue and used other accounting actions to disguise operating performance.